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Steve jobs free essay sample

Each individual faces difficulties, however it’s how we react to them characterizes what our identity is. Difficulties help an individual see a side of them that they never figured they would see. I have faith in Horace thought that misfortune in our lives assists draw with trip the gifts of our own selves that would have been dormant if there weren’t any difficulties. Difficulties make new encounters; new encounters draw out new gifts. There are such a large number of extraordinary instances of individuals who needed to defeat impediments throughout their life so as to locate their own ability, however one of my preferred models is Steve Jobs. Employments was an understudy who would not like to fit in with the accepted practices of setting off for college. Steve Jobs needed to discover who he truly is, and in the long run wound up in a significant issue where he was in a money related strain and had no clue about where he was going with his life. We will compose a custom exposition test on Steve occupations or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Without appropriate training and cash he fell into a lot of pressure. What in the long run drew out his actual ability was the point at which he and Steve Wozniak made their own organization. He discovered that the key to his prosperity was his capacity to confide in individuals. His trust permitted him to keep on wozniak with the making of Apple and growing it into an organization that would make billions of dollars. On the off chance that it weren’t for him being in an upsetting circumstance, he wouldn’t have discovered that he was a confiding face to face. It was his capacity to confide in himself as well as other people around him that took into account him to proceed with his quest for propelling PC innovation. In the event that Steve Jobs was consistently fruitful throughout everyday life, and consistently had things done how he would have preferred it to occur, at that point there would be no requirement for him being a confiding face to face. He wouldn’t need to depend on others for his destiny. On the off chance that it weren’t for the snags he looked throughout everyday life, Steve Jobs would have never been a similar individual was. Someone else that found out about his gifts was Beethoven. Beethoven confronted likely perhaps the hardest affliction on an admirer of music, deafness. Beethoven consistently wanted to tune in to music, yet had a huge hearing issue. He had started to lose his hearing quickly until he at long last couldn’t hear any longer. It was difficult for him to disclose to individuals that he was hard of hearing, which made him look unusual in the public eye. This made Beethoven become extremely discouraged. He came out of misery by communicating his feelings and feeling through music. He started to compose music that depicted how he felt at that point. He understood that he was a brilliant music author, and in the long run started to turn out to be exceptionally well known for his works. This is appeared as individuals of this age, regardless of whether old or youthful, know what beethoven's identity is and what he did. On the off chance that Beethoven hadn’t been hard of hearing, at that point he would have not expected to communicate his downturn using composing music. Beethoven confronted difficulties, however it was the means by which he reacted to those moves that presented him to his shrouded gifts. Albeit both Steve Jobs and Beethoven are well known instances of how misfortune realizes concealed abilities, everybody has affliction, and everybody finds shrouded gifts about themselves somehow. My companion Alexis never envisioned that she would play lacrosse. She just idea of playing it only two or three moths back, and just rehearsed for two or three months. She came to tryout and understood that she was an awesome player and was picked to play on the Varsity group for Blake High School. She was stunned that she was great at it. Yet, she needed to confront difficulties so as to understand that she could play that great. She was in a strain, as she needed to locate an extracurricular movement so as to dazzle universities, as all through her secondary school years she had done no extra curricular exercises. It was her lesser year, so she needed to discover something brisk. On the off chance that it weren’t her worry to discover a game to play she wouldn’t have ever gone to paying lacrosse. She not exclusively had the option to play it, yet in addition was probably the best player in the group. In spite of the fact that, not every person can turn into a success, for example, Steve Jobs and Beethoven, everyone has shrouded gifts in them that must be discovered when in the midst of affliction. Everybody faces difficulties, and the test opens us to our shrouded difficulties. On the off chance that we were great, at that point there would be nothing to discover. Yet, since we face difficulties, we need to confront those provokes that realize a side to us that we presumably have never observed. It’s the experience that permits us to locate our shrouded gifts. That is the reason I accept that affliction realizes a people concealed ability, while on the off chance that we were impeccable they would have been inert. Steve Jobs free exposition test In this ever developing, fast creating world as should be obvious today, there are a wide range of fruitful pioneers. As we probably am aware it, pioneers are people simply like every other person. How could they figure out how to stand apart from the group? What did they do to make incredible progress for an association? Starting at all the effective pioneers on the planet, Steve Jobs is one of the fruitful pioneers that figured out how to make extraordinary progress for an association. In this manner, Steve Jobs is the pioneer that I for one appreciate and might want to imitate. As per Gallo (2011, p. 4), Jobs was named the best-performing CEO on the planet by the Harvard Business Review. Occupations was given the title as he conveyed â€Å"a walloping 3188% industry balanced return (34% intensified every year) after he rejoined Apple. †(Gallo 2011, p. 4). The key characteristics that made Jobs a hopeful chief was that he had the option to thoroughly consider of the container and he was likewise ready to attempt new difficulties in this way, facing challenges. We will compose a custom exposition test on Steve Jobs or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This is said on the grounds that as said by Gallo (2011, p. 5), Jobs started the improvement of probably the hottest Apple items yet, for example, the iMacs, iPhones, iPads, MacBooks and not overlooking the iPods. Employments faced the challenge of not knowing whether it would represent the deciding moment the organization, however he did it at any rate. At long last, as we as a whole know the outcome, Jobs succeeded. As cited by Arrington (refered to in Gallo 2011, p. 5), â€Å"your world would look a great deal changed had Jobs not been in it: We’d likely despite everything be in cell phone hellfire. † â€Å"Without Steve Jobs, the world would be a less beautiful place† (Arrington refered to in Gallo 2011, p. 5). Thusly, I for one respect and admire Steve Jobs as he contributed change to the world in innovation. Not just that, other quality that made Jobs a moving pioneer is that he never abandoned carrying out a responsibility in any event, when he confronted issues. As expressed by Gallo (2011, p. 29), â€Å"inventors are, by definition, disappointments. They bomb undeniably more frequently than they succeed. † This shows Jobs, much the same as each other individual has bombed commonly however he contrasted from the rest as he was decide and determined to succeed. He never surrendered. Moreover, there are seven rules that Steve Jobs live by, which made him an effective pioneer that he was. Above all else, standard 1 states â€Å"Do What You Love† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). Employments did precisely that and passed by impulse to follow his heart in what he did. Employments likewise never permitted anybody to hold him up of doing what he adores best. (2011, p. 10) Thus, by carrying out this, Responsibilities figured out how to stand apart from the group. Proceeding onward to standard 2, it specifies to â€Å"Put a Dent in the Universe† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). The importance of this rule is to persevere on the planet. Employments along with every one of the individuals who backing and saw things a similar light, helped him make his vision a total achievement (2011, p. 10). For the third standard, it says â€Å"Kick-Start Your Brain† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). As this is referenced, it is said that innovativeness draws out the best in making a development (2011, p. 10). Occupations allude to imagination as â€Å"the specialty of interfacing things† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). Next, the forward rule is â€Å"Sell Dreams, Not Products† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). Occupations doesn't consider Apple purchasers as customers (2022, p. 10). Rather, he says they are ones with large expectations and dreams (2011, p. 10). Along these lines, he makes items to make their fantasy materialize (2011, p. 10). Rule 5 states â€Å"Say No to 1,000 Things† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). Disapproving of 1000 things is implied by Jobs to forget about all the superfluous so things would be exact (2011, p. 10). In Jobs eyes, the less complex the item is, the more modern it might be (2011, p. 10). The 6th rule that Jobs live by is â€Å"Create Insanely Great Experiences† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). This being stated, Jobs set up The Apple Store and it has now become the world’s best retail shop (2011, p. 10). It is the best in client care (2011, p. 10). To wrap things up, Principle 7 states â€Å"Master the Message† (Gallo 2011, p. 11). This is implied by Steve Jobs to have the option to voice out and present his item to the open well (2011, p. 11). You can have the best thought ever, however in the event that you neglect to pass on your plan to the world, it would be a waste (2011, p. 11). Consequently, these are the seven standards and the center rules that Jobs lived by to be an effective and rousing pioneer. I for one respect Steve Jobs as he is one that gets things done in a precise way which lead him to his prosperity. Discussing achievement, in a YouTube video by Jandafrique (2009), it shows Jobs himself clarifying the standards of progress. In the video, Jobs cited, â€Å"You got the opportunity to adore it, you got the opportunity to have passion†. I firmly consent to what Steve Jobs had said on the grounds that to succeed, you should be enthusiastic about what you are doing. A given assignment would not be a weight

Strategic Communication MIT Sloan Management

Question: Talk about the Strategic Communication MIT Sloan Management. Answer: Presentation: The significance of key correspondence in the everyday activity of business exercises can't be overemphasized. It ought to be recalled that it is key correspondence alone that enables the representatives to grasp the objectives and systems of the association, and work towards achieving the equivalent. Be that as it may, so as to survey and basically break down the significance of key correspondence in business, various friend audited diary articles have been thought of and assessed here (Thomas Stephens, 2015). Significance of Strategic Communication from the Perspective of the Organization: In the article named, The Strategic Communication Imperative, the writers bring up the significance of vital correspondence by guaranteeing it as the best technique for guaranteeing authoritative achievement (Argenti et al., 2015). While a change in authoritative structure or another objective is to be presented, the CEO or other ranking directors must present the change by conveying the drawn out objectives of the organization and adjusting the momentary advantages of the workers with the equivalent. In this way, if an organization needs to expand a lot of benefit in the following a half year, through key correspondence, it will convey the objective of the organization while additionally report money related motivators, as rewards and pay climb for workers accomplishing the equivalent. The creator states: Strategic correspondence implies practical combination, and this plainly recommends how key correspondence enables an association to accomplish its objectives in a viable manner, w hile as it to a great extent helps in adjusting the objectives of the organization to the individual advantages and interests of every individual worker. This thus guarantees more prominent odds of progress. Significance of Strategic Communication from the Perspective of the Employees: In contrast to the principal article, the article named Towards Responsible Dialog: Searching for the Missing Piece of Strategic Employee Communication, the writers guarantee that vital correspondence is required not exclusively to guarantee that the business message is being imparted from the top layer of the executives to the grassroots level, yet it additionally helps in spurring the representatives (Juholin et al., 2015). As and when an association imparts its procedures to the representatives, the workers begin feeling inspired and enabled. It gives them the opportunity to scrutinize the administrative choice or considerably offer individual proposal that thusly encourages the productive analysis. The creator states: It permits bringing up issues, to challenge and to differ yet in addition denies not to share data and perceptions, nor to stay silent when issues ought to be raised. It permits to productive analysis, i.e., recommending arrangements which benefits the association a s well as inspires the representatives. Because of vital correspondence, the workers feel propelled as it empowers them to be effectively engaged with administrative choices, and this aides in creating representative boss connection too. Significance of Strategic Communication during Organizational Crisis: In the article The Value of Communication during a Crisis: Insights from Strategic Communication Research, the writers guarantee that vital correspondence likewise assumes a profoundly significant job during times of emergency. If there should arise an occurrence of monetary or legitimate emergency, the vital correspondence enables an association to speak with its outside and inside partners, and this aides in faithfulness and trust of the workers or investors towards the organization Adjusting data incorporates endeavors to assist partners with adapting mentally to an emergency (Coombs, 2015). End: As it is apparent from the above conversation, key correspondence helps an organization accomplish hierarchical objectives by improving relationship with the investors, enabling the workers and permitting a free progression of correspondence. Be that as it may, an efficiently composed technique for correspondence ought to be followed at ordinary periodical interims, in order to guarantee authoritative accomplishment of the particular organization. Reference List: Argenti, P. A., Howell, R. A., Beck, K. A. (2005). The key correspondence imperative.MIT Sloan the board review,46(3), 83. Coombs, W. T. (2015). The estimation of correspondence during an emergency: Insights from vital correspondence research.Business Horizons,58(2), 141-148. Juholin, E., berg, L., Aula, P. (2015). Towards capable discourse: Searching for the missing bit of key representative communication.Communication morals in an associated world. Brussels: Peter Lang. Thomas, G. F., Stephens, K. J. (2015). A prologue to vital correspondence.

A formal Business plan about a fictouse landscping company that i Essay

A proper Business plan about a fictouse landscping organization that I quickly diagram - Essay Example The statement of purpose of the organization will be the premise of the company’s showcasing system and the production of the company’s picture as a brand. As of now the organization has a notoriety of offering quality administrations in a convenient way and inside spending plan. The company’s statement of purpose will in this way be â€Å"JMB Giving Landscaping Holistic bit of Creative Art.† The part of creative mind will depict the company’s goal to apply inventiveness advancement and innovation towards guaranteeing that customers appreciate one of a kind finishing administrations since imagination can't be effortlessly duplicated yet requires ability. At JMB our dreams will be to transform creative mind into reality to guarantee that our clients appreciate remarkable and modified administrations and that the results have the uniqueness and style just found in workmanship. What's more we put stock in keeping of time and working inside the customer’s financial plan. When you give us the agreement you will just need to kick back and hang tight for your completed item. Right now JMB has assembled notoriety among little scope customers. The organization is currently focusing on legally binding concurrences with corporate accomplices to increment on the volume of agreements and to have the option to make future projections. The organization will rely upon its ability to convey quality administrations in an opportune way and to add imaginative inventiveness to finishing. As indicated by Ingels one of the approaches to accomplish upper hand that can't be effectively recreated by rivals in arranging business is by applying realistic and structure workmanship to finishing (15). The organization will utilize the administrations of trustworthy visual creators and PC artists whose work will be to make visual pictures of structures for show to clients. The visual planners and PC illustrators will likewise have the option to transform the minds of the purchaser into 3D pictures to permit the shopper to have a sample of what the completed items will

Learn the Tips on How to Write a Persuasive Essay

Learn the Tips on How to Write a Persuasive Essay What is Persuasive Essay? Summary What is Persuasive Essay?How to Write a Persuasive Essay?Steps1. Take a Topic2. Know About your Audience3. Thorough Research on your Topic4. Think About the Structure of your Essay Organize your Persuasive EssayIntroductionBody paragraphsConclusion5. Support your ArgumentExamples of Title on How to Write a Persuasive Essay:Some Problems Occur while Writing a Persuasive Essay:Persuasive Essay Help to Get Started:Essay Writing Help Online Services Features:- Before going to start writing a persuasive essay you should have knowledge about what is persuasive essay? The term persuasive is derived from the word “persuade” which means to convince somebody. A persuasive essay is a convincing technique which a writer can employ. A persuasive essay is an essay written by the writer in order to convince the audience about a particular idea, usually one that you believe in and have confidence in it. Writing a persuasive essay could be based on your knowledge and on anything which you have an opinion or that you can make a clear argument about. Writing a persuasive essay include presenting strong evidence and proof such as facts and logic, statistical report, statement of expert authorities and research findings establishes credibility. Accurate, current and balanced information adds credibility to the persuasive writing. Persuasive essay writing requires good research, awareness and a solid understanding of the issue. How to Write a Persuasive Essay? We have a guide to you in the right direction on “ How to write a Persuasive Essay?”. These are the following steps which a candidate should follow: Steps Take an issue.Know about your audience.Thoroughly research your topic.Think about the structure of your essay. Or Organize your persuasive essay. Step 5: Support your argument. 1. Take a Topic First of all, you should take a Topic on which you start writing a persuasive essay. It is a very important step because on this step your whole persuasive essay writing depends. It includes: What do you know about the Topic?Which side will you take? ( i.e. positive or negative.) What suggestions you will give? Etc. Be aware of any unreasonable opinion that does not support your topic or argument. 2. Know About your Audience While writing a persuasive essay you must know about your audience for whom you are writing an essay. Knowing your audience means you know what type of content you will add in your writing to address the main concern of your audience.Knowing your audience will also help you to know what type of voice you used in the essay i.e. Formal and Informal tone of the voice you used. Determine your audience will help you to focus you more on the issue. In writing a persuasive essay audience plays an important role. You must know about your audience if they agree with your point or not. You must be able to understand both sides of the issue in order to successfully present your point of view in front of the audience. 3. Thorough Research on your Topic Research means a deep understanding of the topic which increases the amount of knowledge. It is used to establishment and confirmation of the facts related to your topic and help in solving your new or existing problems or develop new idea etc. Research may also be an expansion of past work in the field. Research helps you to develop further knowledge on the topic. In writing a persuasive essay you should provide a detailed proof on your topic so that you may be able to prove your point of view correct. The Research part is necessary in order to write a persuasive essay.   4. Think About the Structure of your Essay Or Organize your Persuasive Essay Any piece of writing requires a proper structure. You should clearly put your point of view in your writing so that the reader has interest from the introduction to the conclusion. It includes how to write a persuasive essay in a proper manner. It includes three following steps: Introduction The introduction in your persuasive essay is very important because it grabs the reader’s attention and readers are able to relate them with the topic. It should provide information about your topic or subject so that the audience can get convince with your point of view. It should end with a clear understanding of the topic or subject. Body paragraphs The body should consist of all the points or arguments which support your subject and include deeply explanation of the subject. Each paragraphs should focus on the topic. It includes three to five paragraphs. Conclusion It is the closing point of your essay.  The conclusion should include the main supporting points. After all, the point of a persuasive essay is to convince your readers to your point of view. Be careful you must not include the new idea in it. 5. Support your Argument Use exact evidence which supports your points in the essay. You can gather this information from doing research, observations or from your personal experiences. You should always use data which are verified. It is important that your argument should include evidence with data. Finally, provide meaningful examples to clearly illustrate your argument. If you don’t have much confidence in how to write a persuasive essay then you can take services from us. Examples of Title on How to Write a Persuasive Essay: If you don’t know where to start and don’t have any idea on which topic you write a persuasive essay, then we have prepared a list of persuasive essay topics, which may help you to get started: Why is time management important for most jobs?Do hobbies help people with their career?Things that make modern society immoral.We should not use products made from animals.Are cell phones safe for health?How does media help politics?Hobbies help to continue personal growth.What has more impact -recycling or donating? Once you have clarity about the topic you will be able to know that how to write a persuasive essay. Some Problems Occur while Writing a Persuasive Essay: Getting started.Constructing a solid argument.Lack of writing skills.Fear of failure. Persuasive Essay Help to Get Started: In case you are not sure about how to write a persuasive essay, we provide you the help in writing a persuasive essay. Thousands of students worldwide taking help from us in order to write a persuasive essay. With the help of availability of persuasive essay, you can get the clarity of the issue and which may help in increasing the quality of your persuasive essay. Essay Writing Help Online Services Features:- We have well-experienced experts who have years of experience in their teaching field.We always deliver your essay writing help within the given time.Our experts provide the essay writing help services at affordable prices.Our expert team is available for your help either it’s a day or night i.e. 24/7 help is available.They first understand your topic and experience of yours on personal essay and write according to it.You can ask for the changes in your personal essay writing from our expert anytime.Every essay writing helps you get from our expert is error-free.Our team of experts is completely dedicated to delivering the best essay writing services. We have many customers who are happy and a hundred percent satisfied with our services.Your doubts and queries will be answered immediately by our experts. Now you have the services available on how to write a persuasive essay, receive a higher score and make an impact.

A Necklace as a Symbol An Intersection between Marxist, Feminist, Psychological, and Formalist Readings of Guy de Maupassant’s “The Necklace” - Literature Essay Samples

Analytical lenses allow for readers to gain a deeper insight into a literary work, but since there are many, it can be easy to focus on a single lens and miss critical aspects of a story that only another lens would bring to light. Guy de Maupassant’s â€Å"The Necklace† is a short story that has depth and can be analyzed at numerous levels to get different meanings out of it, although it is almost impossible to know what Maupassant himself meant for his message to be. In four lenses used in this paper, the necklace within the story highlights the central message, which differs between societal flaws, sexism, and deception. This paper serves to dive deeper into Maupassant’s â€Å"The Necklace† by analyzing it through four different critical lenses to better comprehend specific characteristics, writing elements, and the reasoning behind the substantial usage of the necklace as a symbol. By doing so, one can see the point at which themes and ideas coincide, thus displaying a consistent, robust message no matter the lens used. All four lenses allow for details of the story to be understood on a profound level and emphasize importance. For example, Marxism stresses the characters’ economic backgrounds; feminism highlights the characters’ personalities; psychology explains the main characters’ longing to belong in the upper-class, and formalism draws on the necklace as symbolism to bring deception and shallowness to light. Due to the historical context and France’s economic situation in 1884, The Marxist lens is apparent to many scholars, and has therefore been used in numerous analyses; meanwhile, Maupassant’s personal history and repetition of feminine themes within his stories have led many to the usage of a feminist lens. However, due to such obviousness, many scholars do not push further and consequently do not pursue any other lenses. After using the four lenses to analyze the story while drawing on scholars’ previous analyses and thoughts regarding these lenses, this paper aspires to explain what the necklace represents when seen through each lens, and how such symbolism, when united, creates a wholesome message. Guy de Maupassant’s story â€Å"The Necklace† shows the weaknesses of the â€Å"Belle Epoque† and the widening gap between classes as the rich got richer, and the poor got poorer if looked at through a Marxist lens. The story was written during the â€Å"Belle Epoque† in France, which was from 1871 to 1914, included high standards of living and security for the upper-class, an increase in political stability and peace, growth in the chemical and electrical industries, increased usage of the telegraph and telephone, revolutionary agricultural machinery and fertilizers, and improved quality and quantity of food. Because of such improvements, the upper-class was able to have a better lifestyle, travel further, and only worry about the fashion trends. However, those who benefited from this glorious era were the wealthy who could afford the improved goods. Some members of the middle and low classes were able to earn more or attain certain goods due to the trick ling-down of previously sought-after items, but the vast majority of the classes were living in small homes, were poorly paid, and were kept quiet due to the lack of socialist groups (Wilde). Once out of the war, Maupassant returned to law school, began to work for various Ministries, and began spending his free time boating and with prostitutes, which inspired much of his writing (Turnell and Dumesnil). Before his death in 1893, Maupassant had written over 300 short stories and six novels, most of which focus on women and sexuality. His common and consistent use of and focus on women suggests that one might use a feminist, woman-oriented lens when reading his stories. Using such a lens in â€Å"The Necklace† does make sense, as the main character is a woman. Although there is no historical or biographical evidence that one should look at the story through psychological or formalist lenses, both are commonly used on all sorts of stories without any evidence or elements hintin g at the reader to do so. In a Marxist reading, Dobie contends that â€Å"we are given a clear picture of a society that has unequally distributed its goods or even the means to achieve them. Madame Loisel has no commodity or skills to sell, only her youth and beauty to be used to attract a husband† (Dobie 87). This society that Dobie speaks of is the one that Matilda and Mrs. Forestier are both a part of; Mrs. Forestier belongs to the upper-class and has the goods that others envy, while Matilda is a part of the lower middle-class, and has no means to achieve her goal of becoming a part of the upper class because â€Å"she ha[s] no dowry† (De Maupassant 31), showing the importance of money. Although Matilda has good looks and is still able to attract a husband, he is only a lowly clerk and did not advance her social status in any way. As Matilda and her husband finally have a chance to go to a reception reserved for members of a high class, â€Å"the haves are separated from the have-nots†¦by what they own and what they lack and by their ample or limited opportunity to acquire wealth and power† (Dobie 88); this division becomes clear as Matilda has neither a dress nor jewelry to wear, which is when she borrows the necklace that she deems as extremely valuable because it comes from a member of the upper-class. This need to borrow jewelry and to deceive others and to appear wealthy demonstrates classism in Maupassant’s society. Classism is â€Å"the belief that our value as human beings is directly related to a social class to which we belong: the higher our social class, the higher our natural, or inborn superiority† (Tyson 112). Classism is thus obvious in â€Å"The Necklace,† as Matilda believes that she has little value as a middle-class woman and aims to attain the status of an upper-class woman. Her worries about the way others will see her at the ball because she does not belong to the upper-class demonstrate that the wealthy only want to associate themselves with the wealthy due to classism. â€Å"The division [between the classes] grows more apparent and unbridgeable as the couple works at increasingly demeaning jobs to acquire the money to pay off their loans† (Dobie 88), says Dobie, as Matilda and her husband spend a decade working to buy another diamond necklace after Matilda lost Mrs. Forestier’s. It is not until Matilda has finally paid the necklace off that she fin ds out that the necklace was fake and was â€Å"not worth over five hundred francs† (De Maupassant 37). Maupassant uses her assumption that the necklace was of high value as a criticism of commodification, which is when we â€Å"relate to things and people as commodities†¦when we relate to it regarding how much money it’s worth† (Tyson 114). Dobie’s Marxist reading of the story focuses on the idea that â€Å"Both Mme. Loisel and her wealthy friend are victims of their societys emphasis on sign value. The former is so dazzled by the glitter of jewels and gowns and fashionable people that she can find little happiness in the humble attentions of her husband-clerk† (Dobie 88), showing that a Marxist lens highlights the story’s criticism of society and commodification. When taking these notions of society to look at the symbolism of the necklace, one can see three distinct possibilities. The first being that it embodies wealth, especially Mrs. Forestier’s, and how it equates to virtually nothing, for the necklace was deemed of high value but was worth nothing. The necklace might also denote commodification and its negatives since it was commodified from the beginning and leads to Matilda’s miserable lifestyle. Lastly, it might represent the entire upper class, for it was known to cause the misery of the lower classes when the story came out to the public, and the necklace caused the downfall of Matilda. When using a feminist lens on â€Å"The Necklace,† one also sees flaws within society, but focuses less on the commodification of goods and instead concentrates on the patriarchy. The story follows Matilda, a female character, yet her husband is the one portrayed as the rational, decisive character within the story. This usage of the â€Å"weaker,† female character was certainly not a mistake and therefore hints that one should investigate their roles in the story. Matilda is a woman with â€Å"no dowry, no hopes, no means of becoming known, appreciated, loved, and married by a man either rich or distinguished† (De Maupassant 31) and is only worried about her looks and becoming wealthy, fitting into the traditional gender role of a woman who is submissive and has nothing other than looks (Tyson). Mrs. Forestier, although a woman of the upper-class, is only talked about regarding her wealth and her jewelry, and her skills are never mentioned, thus highlighting the idea that women were only meant for beauty. Lastly, Matilda’s husband does not talk much, but when he does, he is the one being rational and making decisions: â€Å"I will give you four hundred francs. But try to have a pretty dress† (De Maupassant 33), â€Å"go and find your friend Mrs. Forestier and ask her to lend you her jewels† (De Maupassant 33), â€Å"write to your friend that you have broken the clasp† (De Maupassant 35), and â€Å"we must take measures to replace this jewel† (De Maupassant 35). Maupassant makes it very clear that within his society, men oversee the money and make the executive decisions by showing that the man was making all the decisions and that the woman was not giving her input. However, because his decisions lead to the demise of the couple’s finances and hopes to become wealthier, a feminist reading brings to light the idea that men are not always right and should not be sole decision makers. Through the feminist lens, one can see symbolism in both the necklace itself and the loss of the necklace. The necklace on its own represents women’s outer beauty, and how, in society, they have no genuine value. As it was the man’s idea to borrow and then replace the necklace, his decisions leading to the loss of the necklace, alongside his actions afterward, are characterized in the loss of the necklace. Such a loss, leading to their downfall, is portraying men pushing women down in society, since his decisions pushed her further down, and as men always making decisions but not always being correct, for she did not have a say regarding what to do with the necklace. The psychoanalytic lens can be used on most short stories, as authors can show human flaw without intending to do so. By first looking at Freud’s Model of the Psyche, one can see how Matilda’s desires leading to her downfall is uncannily parallel to the idea of the id. The id, according to Freudian theory, is an ordinarily hidden side of a person’s personality, which has strong desires that go against societal norms. Thus, when one follows the id and its desires, one often goes against society and meets an unfortunate fate (Siegel). In this story, Matilda does follow her id, as she follows her greatest desire: becoming a member of the upper class, since â€Å"she had no clothes, no jewels, nothing. And these were the only things she loved; she felt she was made for them† (Maupassant 31). Regrettably for her, following her desire leads to a life of misery, highlighting the idea that one should stick to society’s rules and should not follow their id. A second theorist one can analyze â€Å"The Necklace† with is Carl Jung, whose work includes ideas regarding person and archetypes. According to Jung, the persona is the identity we wish to project to others and is not the true self (Siegel). In this case, Matilda is a middle-class woman with little to no value, but she wants to seem more affluent and as if she belongs to the upper class, hence her persona being the woman she pretended to be at the reception. By focusing on the persona, while considering how deceptive the necklace was, one can see how Maupassant’s work demonstrates that one should not always believe what they see. One’s persona is utterly represented by the necklace, thus demonstrating the necklace’s symbolism for Matilda’s persona. Since, as previously explained, Matilda’s persona was her being wealthier than she truly was, the necklace, seeming of higher worth than it was, represents the idea that people, and objects, can show a particular side of themselves that is not necessarily real. This idea of deception can also be seen when the story is looked at through the formalist lens, with a focus on the necklace as the symbolism for unity. Formalism only uses what is within the story and can focus on different literary elements, but since the necklace is in the title and is the catalyst of the story, focusing on its symbolism and repetition makes sense. Deception only becomes apparent at the end of the story, but it is so in two different ways: the necklace fooled her into thinking it was worth more than it truly was based on its looks and Mrs. Forestier deceived her into borrowing a fake diamond necklace The necklace fooling her into believing it was worth a good bit based on its looks represents her as she tries to fool society into thinking she is wealthier, while the necklaced fooling her due to its origins, since it came from Mrs. Forestier, also represents the upper class and how they fool others into thinking they are worth more due to their origins. Mrs. Forest ier giving Matilda a necklace of little worth shows a lack of trust between the two, which can be interpreted as a lack of trust between the two classes, and demonstrates how the upper class does not listen to the lower classes. When formalism is combined with Marxism, feminism, or psychoanalysis, one can see the symbolism above possibilities of the necklace, making it extremely difficult to get one single meaning out of â€Å"The Necklace† and highlighting the necessity for the use of multiple lenses. Nevertheless, it is important to note that in all theories regarding the symbolism of the necklace, deception is the fundamental idea; in Marxism, commodification is shown to have negatives and to fool Matilda; in feminism, women are deceived into not making any of their own decisions; in psychoanalysis, the necklace and Matilda deceive others through outer looks and a persona; with a formalist lens, the necklace is showed to represent deception based on characteristics put on by others in front of a crowd. Combining all four lenses together as a whole allows for the reader to see how Matilda’s actions and the necklace show societal issues, how Matilda’s husband’s roles in their mar riage highlights a patriarchal society, how Matilda’s obsession with wealth demonstrates how the id leads to one’s downfall, how Matilda’s actions prior to the reception show what a persona is, and how easy it is to deceive others based on looks and impressions. While this research only hits the surface of the work to be done on â€Å"The Necklace,† it points out the evident usage of a necklace for symbolism, no matter what lens is used for analysis. By drawing on four separate lenses, it becomes evident that the meaning of the text differs tremendously and that one can get a much more wholesome view at the story and Maupassant’s criticism of society by combining different lenses. Such an approach can be used in other literary works for a much more wholesome understanding and should be used to avoid missing essential elements. Future research done on the necklace can draw upon this analysis while adding in the authors’ understandings of the work and other lenses. Bibliography: De Maupassant, Guy. â€Å"The Necklace.† The World’s Greatest Short Stories, edited by James Daley, Dover Publications, Inc., 2006, 31-37. Print. Dobie, Ann B. Theory into Practice: An Introduction to Literary Criticism. 3rd ed., Wadsworth Publishing, 2011. Print. â€Å"Remembering Maupassant.† BBC World Service, 9 Aug. 2000, http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/highlights/000808_maupassant.shtml Siegel, Kristi. â€Å"Introduction to Modern Literary Theory.† Dr. Kristi Siegel. January 2006, http://www.kristisiegel.com/theory.htm Tyson, Lois. Using Critical Theory: How to Read and Write About Literature. Routledge, 2011. Turnell, M. and Rene Dumesnil. â€Å"Guy de Maupassant.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, 17 Apr. 2003, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Guy-de-Maupassant Wilber, Jennifer. â€Å"A Feminist and Formalist Analysis of The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant: \Two Approaches to Interpreting a Literary Work.† Owlcation. 6 February 2018, https://owlcation.com/humanities/A-Feminist-and-Formalist-Analysis-of-The-Necklace-by-Guy-de-Maupassant-Two-Approaches-to-Interpreting-a-Literary-Work Wilde, Robert. â€Å"The Belle Époque (‘Beautiful Age’).† ThoughtCo., 19 June 2017, https://www.thoughtco.com/the-belle-epoque-beautiful-age-1221300

The Novel Frankenstein By Mary Shelley Essay - 1435 Words

The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, is a story about how important having a family is to some, but also judging someone based on their appearance. Victor Frankenstein starts the novel by describing his childhood with his loving and supportive family. Family is very important to him because he did not have many friends growing up. While Frankenstein is away at school he starts to become very depressed and you see his attitude towards his family and his life change. Being away at school, he creates a â€Å"monster† by using different pieces of corpses and that becomes the only thing that matters to him until he sees how hideous it is. He immediately hates his creation just because of how he looks. Frankenstein begins to abandon everyone and thing in his life because of his obsession with the idea of glory and science, causing the novel to go from Romanticism to Gothic. The â€Å"monster† finds a family living in a cottage, by watching all winter he learns how a family should love and accept others. By seeing this, Frankenstein’s creations understand what was taken from him, and will do whatever he has to do to have a family of his own. The novel has a strong family influence throughout the entire book. Frankenstein’s parents have great appreciation for their family. â€Å"No human being could have passed a happier childhood than myself. My parents were possessed by the very spirit of kindness and indulgence.† (Shelley) His mother, Caroline was always trying to help others and gotShow MoreRelatedThe Novel Frankenstein By Mary Shelley983 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel Frankenstein, authored by Mary Shelley, begins with the introduction of explorer Robert Walton and his series of letters, to his sister Margaret Saville. Walton is the captain of a ship en route on a treacherous expedition to the North Pole. He composes a multitude of letters, particularly one where he informs Margaret that the ship is immovable and surrounded by ice. Walton reports sighting an enormous man-like creature being pulled by a dog sled, as he is looking out into the icy distanceRead MoreThe Mother Of The Novel Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1202 Words   |  5 Pages Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, the mother of the novel Frankenstein, was born on August 30, 1797 in London, England, child of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin. Wollstonecraft wrote about the struggle of women and promoted women’s rights, while Godwin wrote pieces that aimed toward achieving a philosophical goal. Mary Shelley was unfortunately only to really experience literary expertise through her father, for her mother died due to puerperal fever early within one month of giving birth toRead MoreMary Shelley Is The Author Of The Famed Novel Frankenstein.1495 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelley is the author of the famed novel Frankenstein. 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Immediately after Frankenstein’s supernatural creation, Victor’sRead More Novel/Movie Difference Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay512 Words   |  3 Pages In reading the book Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, and watching the by the same title, I discovered several large differences. Primarily, the edited and modified parts were changed to make the movie more interesting. In the book, Marry Shelley described everything in great detail. She included details that may not pertain to novel’s storyline directly, but more to the timeframe of the novel. When a movie comes out made after a specific novel, the screenplay eliminates most of these minute differencesRead MoreIn the Novel Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein Is the True Monster, Not the Creature Himself.1944 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein is the true monster, not the creature himself. Victor Frankenstein grew up in Geneva. 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Walton is a sailor looking for a paradise. He believes that it exists on the north pole, even though most people would strongly disagree with this hypothesis. There are many similarities between his character and that of Victor Frankenstein, helping introduce the central themes and concerns to the novel. Waltons letters to his sister are the frame of the story. Even the main partRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein: A Gothic Novel1595 Words   |  7 Pages Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is one of the greatest Gothic novels to come out during the Romantic Period. Frankenstein is a prime example of what a Gothic novel should present to its reader through the genre’s twisted themes. Even though it was written in the Romantic period, Mary Shelley still wrote Frankenstein to be a Gothic work of literature. Many characteristics of Gothic novel can be seen within this novel. Mary Shelley’s outstanding novel Frankenstein is a prime example of a Gothic novel

How to Stay Organized in College

You might have had grand plans about getting organized in college. And yet, despite your best intentions, your plans for organization seemed to slip through your fingers. So how can you stay organized for the long road ahead? Fortunately, although there are a zillion things to manage between your first day of classes and your last, staying organized in college is a lot easier than you might think. With a little advanced planning and the right skill set, staying organized can become more of your routine instead of just your ideal. Try Various Time Management Systems If you were wholly dedicated to making some fancy schmancy new calendaring app work for you this semester, but it ended up not working at all, dont be too hard on yourself. That means a particular system didnt work for you, not that youre bad at time management. Keep trying (and trying and trying) new time management systems until you find one that clicks. And if that means using a good, old-fashioned paper calendaring system, so be it. Having some calendar is the most important part of staying organized through the chaos that is college. Keep Your Dorm Room Clean When you lived at home, you had to keep your room relatively clean. But now that youre in college, you can keep your dorm room as messy as you want, right? Wrong! As silly as it sounds, a messy dorm room can represent a messy college life. Keeping your living space clean can help with everything from preventing you from losing your keys (again) to being able to mentally focus when you need to since you wont be visually distracted by all the junk on your desk. Additionally, keeping your space clean doesnt have to take a lot of time and will lead to all those little things that make you feel like youre in control of your own life: having clean clothes to choose from in the morning, knowing where that FAFSA form went, always having your cell phone charged. If keeping your dorm room clean seems like a waste of time, spend one-week tracking how much time you spend maintaining it clean and another week tracking how much time you spend looking for stuff or trying to recover from things youve lost (like that FAFSA form). You might surprise yourself. Stay on Top of Your Responsibilities When you are faced with anything that connects with your college life responsibilities — from a cell phone bill to an email from your mom about when youre coming home for Thanksgiving — make yourself do one of four things: Do it Schedule it Toss itFile it As an example, spending the next month arguing with your mom over when youll fly home will take ten times as much time as it will for you to just give her some dates when she brings it up. And if you arent sure yet, figure out a day by which you will be sure — and then put it into your calendaring system. Your mom will leave you alone, youll knock something off your to-do list, and you wont have to spend time telling yourself Oh shoot, I need to figure out Thanksgiving a million times a day between now and then. Spend Time Each Week Reorganizing Youre in college because youve got a great brain. So put it to use on all you have to do outside of the classroom! Just like a finely tuned athlete, your mind is learning, expanding, and strengthening each week; youre in school. Consequently, what organizing systems worked for you a month or two ago might not work any longer. Spend a few moments looking at what you got done, what youre doing, and what youll need to do over the next few weeks. While it may seem like a waste of time, those precious minutes can save you a lot of lost time — and a lot of disorganization — in the future. Plan Ahead to Stay Ahead Everyone knows that student who always says, Oh, I cant do something then, Ill be up all night cramming for my midterm. Really? Because that is just planning to be disorganized! Plan for everything you have to do. If you have a significant event youre planning, make sure your homework is done ahead of time so you can focus on your event when the time comes. If you know you have a major paper due, plan to work on it — and finish it — a few days in advance. Since its on your calendar and in your master plan, youll stay organized and on top of your tasks without even having to think about it. Take Care of Your Physical, Emotional, and Mental Health Being in college is hard — and not just academically. If youre not eating healthy, getting enough sleep, finding time to exercise, and overall treating yourself kindly, it will catch up with you sooner or later. And its impossible to get and stay organized if you dont have the physical, emotional, and mental energy to function. So give yourself a little TLC and remember that taking care of your health is an integral part of reaching your college goals.

Types of Business Ownership - 1074 Words

1. Sole Proprietorship Single proprietorship is the simplest form of organization in most of the countries in the world. Unlike other forms of entity, it is usually not governed by special laws. A proprietorship is a type of business entity which legally has no separate existence from its owner. Hence, the limitations of liability enjoyed by a corporation and limited liability partnerships do not apply to sole proprietors. All debts of the business are debts of the owner. The single proprietor has unlimited liability since creditors of his business may proceed not only against the assets and properties of his business but also after his own personal assets and properties. A sole proprietorship essentially refers to a natural person or†¦show more content†¦Joint ventures are created in the essence of serving their purposes. They can be composed of a corporation, partnership or an individual. 5 Main Forms of Business Ownership Sole Proprietorship- A sole proprietorship is owned by only one person. This is the most common form of business ownership. General Partnership- A business owned by two or more people. The partners share ownership and control of the business. Limited Partnership- A limited partnership consists of at least one general partner (controls the business) and at least one limited partner(investor). Forming a Corporation- A corporation is a business which is considered a separate entity from you; even having the legal rights of a person. There are two types of corporations; C Corporations and S Corporations. Limited Liability Company- The new â€Å"It† thing in the world of entrepreneurship. It’s popularity has been steadily growing in the past years. What attracts entrepreneurs to this business structure is that it provides the limited liability provided by corporations with out all the restrictions and taxes. Business activities may be divided into three kinds: 1. Industry 2. Commerce 3. Services This classification is based on the nature of principal activity performed by the business enterprise. 1. Industries involve the conversion of raw materials into finished products or goods and the application of labor upon raw materials so that greater usefulness becomesShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Business Ownership And Ownership Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pages Types of Business Ownership Name Institutional Affiliation â€Æ' Business Ownership Introduction Business ownership refers to having control over a business enterprise and exercising this power by dictating its operations, functioning, and management. Ownership can be acquired either through franchising or purchasing an existing business. 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A Poor Solution For America s Shortcoming - 1625 Words

A Poor Solution to America’s Shortcoming â€Å"My father was a factory worker, and we were really poor. But everything I earned peddling papers and working in stores, he made me put aside for education† (Abraham A. Ribicoff). Abraham Ribcoff grew up to be the 80th governor of Connecticut and later became JFK’s secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. A major issue in today’s society is the debate over free community college tuition. Even though some say free community college tuition would be one step closer to saving Americas crumbling lower class, community college tuition should not be completely free. An education from a community college is already very affordable even for those who are from low-income families. On top of being†¦show more content†¦This is a major issue for the low-income demographic in America because many individuals from these families can t afford to go to college. However, this is not only an issue for the lower class. Later in his article, Carnevale states, Colle ge is not a blue collar vs. white collar issue. More and more blue-collar jobs demand post-secondary education and training....Americans need to understand that the good jobs that require only a high school education are gone and will not be coming back. In other words, Carnevale is saying that a basic secondary education is becoming the status quo for the low-income jobs and that a post-secondary education will soon be the status quo for the middle class jobs. High school is becoming the new elementary school and American needs to realize that before it is too late. However, this poses a problem from the evidence we have just seen. Many people from low income families cannot afford to pay college tuition, but they also cannot afford not to. A common answer to the dilemma of America’s education deficiency is to make college tuition free, more specifically community college tuition free. Friedman addresses this issue earlier in his book saying, Low education means low-paying jobs, plain and simple, and this is where more and more Americans are finding themselvesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Barbara Ehrenreich s Nickel And Dimed 1246 Words   |  5 PagesLarge numbers of the nation s citizens live at or below the poverty threshold, which means each month is a struggle to pay the bills and provide the basics, including food, clothing, and shelter, not to mention access to health care and simple comforts. Unfortunately, today it seems the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The gap between the economically secure and the poor is becoming so large and will only increase without an attempt for solutions. The hardships of living inRead MoreThe Rise Of The West1705 Words   |  7 PagesClemons Dr. Mbajekwe History-101 December 7th, 2016 *Used an online book. The Post-American World Did you realize that there are more than 25 drifts that changed America? 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Time Series Models Free Essays

string(161) " of this model is that only two historical pieces of information need to be carried: the mean itself and the number of observations on which the mean was based\." TIME SERIES MODELS Time series analysis provides tools for selecting a model that can be used to forecast of future events. Time series models are based on the assumption that all information needed to generate a forecast is contained in the time series of data. The forecaster looks for patterns in the data and tries to obtain a forecast by projecting that pattern into the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Time Series Models or any similar topic only for you Order Now A forecasting method is a (numerical) procedure for generating a forecast. When such methods are not based upon an underlying statistical model, they are termed heuristic. A statistical (forecasting) model is a statistical description of the data generating process from which a forecasting method may be derived. Forecasts are made by using a forecast function that is derived from the model. WHAT IS A TIME SERIES? A time series is a sequence of observations over time. A  time series  is a sequence of  data points, measured typically at successive time instants spaced at uniform time intervals. A time series is a sequence of observations of a random variable. Hence, it is a stochastic process. Examples include the monthly demand for a product, the annual freshman enrollment in a department of a university, and the daily volume of flows in a river. Forecasting time series data is important component of operations research because these data often provide the foundation for decision models. An inventory model requires estimates of future demands, a course scheduling and staffing model for a university requires estimates of future student inflow, and a model for providing warnings to the population in a river basin requires estimates of river flows for the immediate future. * TWO MAIN GOALS: There are two main goals of time series analysis: (a) identifying the nature of the phenomenon represented by the sequence of observations, and (b) forecasting (predicting future values of the time series variable). Both of these goals require that the pattern of observed time series data is identified and more or less formally described. Once the pattern is established, we can interpret and integrate it with other data (e. g. , seasonal commodity prices). Regardless of the depth of our understanding and the validity of our interpretation (theory) of the phenomenon, we can extrapolate the identified pattern to predict future events. Several methods are described in this chapter, along with their strengths and weaknesses. Although most are simple in concept, the computations required to estimate parameters and perform the analysis are tedious enough that computer implementation is essential. The easiest way to identify patterns is to plot the data and examine the resulting graphs. If we did that, what could we observe? There are four basic patters, which are shown in Figure 1. Any of these patterns, or a combination of them, can be present in a time series of data: 1. Level or horizontal This pattern exists when data values fluctuate around a constant mean. This is the simplest pattern and easiest to predict. A  horizontal  pattern is observed when the values of the time series fluctuate around a constant mean. Such time series is also called  stationery. In Retail data, stationery time series can be found easily since there are products which sales roughly the same amount of items every period. In the stock market however, it’s difficult (if not impossible) to find horizontal patterns. Most of the time series there are non-stationery. Time series with horizontal patterns are very easy to forecast. 2. Trend When data exhibit an increasing or decreasing pattern over time, we say that they exhibit a trend. The trend can be upward or upward. The  trend  pattern is straightforward. It consists of a long-term increase or decrease of the values of the time series. Trend patterns are easy to forecast and are very profitable when found by stock traders. 3. Seasonality Any pattern that regularly repeats itself and is of a constant length is a seasonal pattern is. Such seasonality exists when the variable ewe are trying to forecast is influenced by seasonal factors such as the quarter or month of the year or day of the week. A time series with  seasonal  patterns are more difficult to forecast but not too difficult. The values of these time series are influenced by seasonal factors, such as the turkey in Christmas period. Also, ice cream sales are affected by seasonality. People buy more ice creams during the summer. Forecasting algorithms which can deal with the seasonality can be used for forecasting such time series. Holt-Winters’ method is one such algorithm. 4. Cycles Cyclical  patterns are usually confused with the seasonal patterns. While seasonal patterns are influenced by seasonal factors, cyclical patterns do not necessarily have a fixed period. A seasonal pattern can be cyclical, but a cyclical is not necessarily seasonal. Cyclical patterns are the most difficult to forecast. Most forecasting tools can deal with seasonality, trend and horizontal time series but very few can offer acceptable forecasts to cyclical patterns unless there is some sort of indication as to how the cycle evolves. Random Variation is unexplained variation that cannot be predicted. The more random variation a data set has, the harder it is to forecast accurately. In practice, forecasts derived by these methods are likely to be modified by the analyst upon considering information not available from the historical data. We should understand that to obtain a good forecast the forecasting model should be matched to the patterns in the available data. TIME SERIES METHODS The Naive Method Among the time-series models, the simplest is the naive forecast. A naive forecast simply uses the actual demand for the past period as the forecasted demand for the next period. This, of course, makes the assumption that the past will repeat. An example of naive forecasting is presented in Table 1. Table 1 Naive Forecasting Period| Actual Demand (000’s)| Forecast (000’s)| January| 45| | February| 60| 45| March| 72| 60| April| 58| 72| May| 40| 58| June| | 40| This model is only good for a level data pattern. One of the advantages of this model is that only two historical pieces of information need to be carried: the mean itself and the number of observations on which the mean was based. You read "Time Series Models" in category "Essay examples" Averaging Method Another simple technique is the use of averaging. To make a forecast using averaging, one simply takes the average of some number of periods of past data by summing each period and dividing the result by the number of periods. This technique has been found to be very effective for short-range forecasting. Variations of averaging include the moving average, the weighted average, and the weighted moving average. A moving average takes a predetermined number of periods, sums their actual demand, and divides by the number of periods to reach a forecast. For each subsequent period, the oldest period of data drops off and the latest period is added. Assuming a three-month moving average and using the data from Table 1, one would simply add 45 (January), 60 (February), and 72 (March) and divide by three to arrive at a forecast for April: 45 + 60 + 72 = 177 ? 3 = 59 To arrive at a forecast for May, one would drop January’s demand from the equation and add the demand from April. Table 2 presents an example of a three-month moving average forecast. Table 2 Three Month Moving Average Forecast Period| Actual Demand (000’s)| Forecast (000’s)| January| 45| | February| 60| | March| 72| | April| 58| 59| May| 40| 63| June| | 57| A weighted average applies a predetermined weight to each month of past data, sums the past data from each period, and divides by the total of the weights. If the forecaster adjusts the weights so that their sum is equal to 1, then the weights are multiplied by the actual demand of each applicable period. The results are then summed to achieve a weighted forecast. Generally, the more recent the data the higher the weight, and the older the data the smaller the weight. Using the demand example, a weighted average using weights of . 4, . 3, . , and . 1 would yield the forecast for June as:   60(. 1) + 72(. 2) + 58(. 3) + 40(. 4) = 53. 8 Forecasters may also use a combination of the weighted average and moving average forecasts. A weighted moving average forecast assigns weights to a predetermined number of periods of actual data and computes the forecast the same way as described above. As with all moving forecasts, as each new period is added, the data from the oldest pe riod is discarded. Table 3 shows a three-month weighted moving average forecast utilizing the weights . 5, . 3, and . 2. Table 3 Three–Month Weighted Moving Average Forecast Period| Actual Demand (000’s)| Forecast (000’s)| January| 45| | February| 60| | March| 72| | April| 58| 55| May| 40| 63| June| | 61| | | | Exponential Smoothing Exponential smoothing takes the previous period’s forecast and adjusts it by a predetermined smoothing constant, ? (called alpha; the value for alpha is less than one) multiplied by the difference in the previous forecast and the demand that actually occurred during the previously forecasted period (called forecast error). To make a forecast for the next time period, you eed three pieces of information: 1. The current period’s forecast 2. The current period’s actual value 3. The value of a smoothing coefficient, alpha, which varies between 0 and 1. Exponential smoothing is expressed formulaically as such: New forecast = previous forecast + alpha (actual demand ? previous forecast) A forecast for February is computed as such: New forecast (F ebruary) = 50 + . 7(45 ? 50) = 41. 5 Next, the forecast for March: New forecast (March) = 41. 5 + . 7(60 ? 41. 5) = 54. 45 This process continues until the forecaster reaches the desired period. In Table 4 this would be for the month of June, since the actual demand for June is not known. Table 4 Period| Actual Demand (000’s)| Forecast (000’s)| January| 45| 50| February| 60| 41. 5| March| 72| 54. 45| April| 58| 66. 74| May| 40| 60. 62| June| | 46. 19| Forecasting Trend There are many ways to forecast trend patterns in data. Most of the models used for forecasting trend are the same models used to forecast the level patterns, with an additional feature added to compensate for the lagging that would otherwise occur. Trend-Adjusted Exponential Smoothing When a trend exists, the forecasting technique must consider the trend as well as the series average ignoring the trend will cause the forecast to always be below (with an increasing trend) or above (with a decreasing trend) actual demand Double exponential smoothing smooths (averages) both the series average and the trend forecast for period t+1: Ft+1  = At  + Tt average: At  =  aDt  + (1 –  a) (At-1  + Tt-1) =  aDt  + (1 –  a) Ft average trend: Tt  =  B  CTt  + (1 –  B) Tt-1 current trend: CTt  = At  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ At-1 forecast for p periods into the future: Ft+p  = At  + p Tt here: At  = exponentially smoothed average of the series in period t Tt  = exponentially smoothed average of the trend in period t CTt  = current estimate of the trend in period t a  = smoothing parameter between 0 and 1 for smoothing the averages B  = smoothing parameter between 0 and 1 for smoothing the trend Linear Trend Line Linear trend line is a time series technique that computes a forecast with trend by drawing a straight line through a set of data. The forecasting equation for the linear trend model is: Y= a + bX where t is the time index. The parameters alpha and beta (the â€Å"intercept† and â€Å"slope† of the trend line) are usually estimated via a simple regression in which Y is the dependent variable and the time index t is the independent variable. Forecasting Seasonality Recall that any regularly repeating pattern is a seasonal pattern. We are all familiar with quarterly and monthly seasonal patterns. For example, seasonality includes sales of Christmas tree before Christmas, sales of jackets, hotel registrations and sales of greeting cards. The procedure for computing seasonality consists of the following steps: 1. Calculate the average demand per season . Calculate a seasonal index for each season of each year: 3. Average the indexes by season 4. Forecast demand for the next year divide by the number of seasons 5. Multiply next year’s average seasonal demand by each average seasonal index. Selecting a Forecasting Method The selection of a forecasting method is a difficult task that must be base in part on knowledge concerning the quantity being forecast. With forecasting procedures, we are generally trying to recognize a change in the underlying process of a time series while remaining insensitive to variations caused by purely random effects. The goal of planning is to respond to fundamental changes, not to spurious effect. Bibliography: Box, G. E. P and G. M. Jenkins and G. D. Reinsel, Time Series Analysis, Forecasting, and Control, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993. Brockwell, Peter J. and Davis, Richard A. (2002). Introduction to Time Series and Forecasting, 2nd. ed. , Springer-Verlang. Chatfield, C. , The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction, Fifth Edition, Chapman Hall, Boca Raton, FL, 1996. Fuller, W. A. , Introduction to Statistical Time Series, Second Edition, John Wiley Sons, New York, 1996. (Electronic Version): StatSoft, Inc. 2012). Electronic Statistics Textbook. Tulsa, OK: StatSoft. WEB: http://www. statsoft. com/textbook/. (Printed Version): Hill, T. Lewicki, P. (2007). STATISTICS: Methods and Applications. StatSoft, Tulsa, OK. (Electronic Version): A First Course on Time Series Analysis  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ an open source book on time series analysis with  SAS WEB: http://www. statisti k-mathematik. uni-wuerzburg. de/wissenschaftforschung/time_series/ (Electronic Version): Forecasting – levels, examples, manager, definition, model, type, company   WEB:http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/management/Ex-Gov/Forecasting. html#b#ixzz28ty2DePJ How to cite Time Series Models, Essay examples

Motivation And Organizational Behavior Solution on A Employee

Question: Understand the key concepts, theories and practices which underpin the practice of management and the role of the manager in contemporary business organisations. Comprehend the complexity of management roles and functions and the diversity of management focus within modern organisations . Evaluate, describe and discuss the key concepts, approaches and skills which are necessary for the modern manager in contemporary organisations and cultures. Answer: Brief and Identify Problems in Case and How to Manage it in Kelloggs Management Structure The manager and business leaders will agree on one thing that it is a continuous challenge to keep the workers productive and motivated at workplace. The reality being what drives an individual can be different to another so it is important to understand each employee. This is in link with human development stages as each individual has different outlook of his career and on motivation (Dhaliwal, 2016). An employee spends considerable amount of time at workplace so rewarding and motivating them right is important. Each worker needs has to be satisfied by understanding their need by knowing their behavior. In some organization it is found out that employees needs are not understood that impacts the performance and productivity. They are not encouraged to take different roles by moving ahead in professional career. This is in link to the first issue motivation as this is an important component that drives the change in attitude in the way people behave. In Kelloggs management structure employees are encouraged to speak positive words for others by working on the strengths. The use of scientific management adapted by Frederick Taylor states that monetary reward is crucial. This is best for narrow job confines working in align with production line as in Kelloggs. Many individuals are still motivated by cash rewards as for them the prime factor is pay (Businesscasestudies, 2014). Employees in Kelloggs are motivated by cash alternatives by having the option of selling and buying their holiday plans. Another is Maslow theory that establishes upon the basis of five levels that needs to be satisfied in systematic order. The five stages are: Psychological Needs The workers are provided with competitive salaries for fulfilling the basic needs and Kelloggs Cornflakes flexible benefits programme that involves discount life assurance schemes, childcare vouchers, company cares etc. Safety Needs The employers have formulated health and safety rules adhered by employees by working flexible working patterns like career breaks, part-time for maintain work-life balance. Social Needs Kelloggs has a group that operates weekly by providing information on products and sales data that strengthens the team. They work according to K values by being positive and rewarding the staff for their achievement. Self-actualization Needs The employees working in Kelloggs is taking challenging opportunity by handling projects and taking the ownership solely. The second issue between management and employees is communication that is sometimes broken due to messages getting distort. The organization uses two way communications by empowering the workforce at the same time. For instance it has its coffee bar in the lobby area that accommodates around 200 people. The WK Kellogg Values Award programme reward employees and recognizes the employees talent as per their contribution to work (Businesscasestudies, 2014). This is done in order to improve the efficiency, output and quality of business provided to the customers. The motivation and communication factor is an important source to engage the employees by generating information. The management structure of Kelloggs is effective by working on the effectiveness for improving the productivity of employees Discuss and Identify Kelloggs Approach by Contributing to its Success Kelloggs approach to motivation is based upon certain motivating factors by making it the best workplace to work. This is done in accordance with employer choice as the business is delivering consistent results by taking the initiative to provide the following: Paternity and maternity leave, off time for dependents and career breaks Access to local facilities at subsidized rates and on site gyms Working in flexibility through undertaking home working, flextime and part time working Similarly, Kellogg is offering Fit for Life Programme that provides access to fitness and health programs and health check up via healthcare specialist. Secondly, the workplace has summer hours programme i.e. May to September that is adjusting the professional and personal life. For example Clarie Duckworth is working in consumer insight team and is taking part in dancing competition so this promotes the opportunity for work life balance. This motivation is effective as different individuals as different aspirations by taking their responsibility. For instance sales team meets each Friday by sharing the stories and getting inspired (Businesscasestudies, 2014). With this the employees are awarded by having both monetary and non-monetary benefits. Values are shaping, supporting the vision and providing reflection to company values by working on the philosophy and principles. The organization should have positive environment by working on the strengths of the workforce by incorporating listening as a crucial component. This makes the workforce engaged as all individuals are accepting the values of each other in the organization. According to Taylor theory it develops people so ultimately, the workplace is also developed as the employees are happy. In Maslow theory the management fulfills the five levels of needs for workforce by following the hierarchical order impacting the organizational productivity and performance (Taormina and Gao, 2013). In this theory the example of Laura Bryant is feasible as she joined as field sales team and after two years she was promoted. Her manager helped her that promoted her to assistant brand manager so this case implements Maslow by working on the ladder of her career ambitions. Thus, the use of communication also helped in passing the message without any distortion as the feedback from the employees is generated. This feedback is used to generate ideas that an employee can raise and it will be raised in the monthly meetings. The two ways communication approach is positive for the employees and management as this will affect by working in align with the organizational goals (Shajahan and Shajahan, 2004). Identify Content Theory and its Impact on Employee Performance The content theory incorporated in Kelloggs is of varied nature and it is used to motivate the employees by engaging them. Employee performance is sharing the work among workforce for achieving the goals by aligning it with organizational objectives. The various theories used for affecting employee performance are: Taylor Theory Taylor established scientific management theory that emphasis on improving the productivity of workers. In this the tasks are divided through optimization by training the workers to perform the work in a sequence motion. At the same time this theory does not help in developing individuals as it has limitation of taking the initiative of ownership (Tracy, 2014). This is done with the help of division of labour as in Kelloggs the production process is large. Maslow Theory According to Maslow a human being basic needs to have to be fulfilled for being happy and motivated. Every individual has some desire that needs to be fulfilling for achieving certain needs and that would affect the performance. The five stages are psychological, safety, social and self-actualization needs. Psychological is linked with salary, safety is associated with working in healthy and safe environment, social is belonging needs by having trust and strengthening the team and self-actualization is taking challenging opportunities (Taormina and Gao, 2013). Elton Mayo Mayo contributed towards management with human relations movement by establishing the fact that performance is depending upon content of job and social issues. This theory is about understanding the attitude of the individuals in groups with communication, management involvement and team working. When employees are being cared about their interest and views they tend to be more productive. He investigated number of methods for improving the productivity for instance lighting condition. Two-Factor Theory This theory was propounded by Fredrick Herzberg by arguing that certain factors affect work performance. The two factors stated above motivate the employees by improving performance by making him work harder. This empower the employees by delegating the work in a challenging and taking their own decision over the work life (Sachau, 2007). In Kelloggs the business would grow by motivating the employees with the use of above theories and providing them safe working conditions. The link of motivation theories has positive impact on employee performance in Kelloggs. Both the employee and management are responsible for the performance and increasing growth of workplace. They both have to work together in combination by achieving the Kelloggs goals and objectives. Application of Content Theory in Kelloggs Workforce and Critique of Kelloggs Motivating Employees The theory applied for Kellogg workforce is different as per the employee charactertics as in case of Taylor the focus on monetary reward. This reward is only applicable for employees who want cash and do not want non-monetary benefits. The salary would be paid according to amount of work performed by the individual in organization or producing the units in number known as piece work (Tracy, 2014). The output can be increased by only payment so this might be danger for organizations who want to focus on quality business. Secondly is Herzberg theory as the two factor theory is having dissatisfiers and satisfiers. The dissatisfiers are hygiene factors that are associated with the workplace like autocratic working style, environment, happy or unhappy employee. On the other hand, motivators i.e. satisfiers that provides job satisfaction by working on the roles and responsibility. This is linked with promotion, performance, effort recognition, unhappy and job. Maslow hierarchy of needs is followed for satisfying the needs by acting as motivators for working in order needs. When one level of need is fulfilled the higher order of needs are fulfilled by motivating workforce (Banks, 2005). This manner the theories ate helping in improving the productivity and success of employees in Kelloggs. The workforce is satisfied with the approach taken as motivation and encouragement is an essential part. When employees enjoy high autonomy, they receive feedback about the performance for the piece of work by utilizing the skill and experience for performing well. The application of the above mentioned theories will make the workforce engage and more productive. The motivation technique used by Kelloggs is feasible for the employees as it may be non-monetary and monetary as per the need. The various modes of motivation factor used by the organization are providing job satisfaction. They are able to pursue their professional and personal goals by having the right balance. Kelloggs being an employer is encouraging and motivating its employees from their side and at the same time employees also need to contribute equally on their part. The use of different modes of motivation for employees is work flexibility, pursuing one personal goals and being fit (Businesscasestudies, 2014). This will make the individual healthy as they are being cared by healthcare specialist for any health related problems. Another is idea generation through Snap, Crackle and Save initiative where ideas are generated that motivates by making the staff committed to their work. Here an employee suggested cardboard can be used in packaging for saving cost. It is used in man ufacturing plant that saves around 250,000 yearly. References Banks, L. (2005). Motivation in the workplace. 3rd ed. West Des Moines, Iowa: American Media Pub. Businesscasestudies.co.uk. (2014). Building a better workplace through motivation - Kellogg's | Kellogg's case studies, videos, social media and information | Business Case Studies. [online] Available at: https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/kelloggs/building-a-better-workplace-through-motivation/#axzz4H0mr6hci [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Dhaliwal, A. (2016). Motivation and its impact on organization. International Journal of scientific research and management. Kontoghiorghes, C. (2008). A Holistic Approach Toward Motivation to Learn in the Workplace. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 14(4), pp.45-59. Sachau, D. (2007). Resurrecting the Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Herzberg and the Positive Psychology Movement. Human Resource Development Review, 6(4), pp.377-393. Shajahan, S. and Shajahan, L. (2004). Organization behaviour. New Delhi: New Age International. Tracy, B. (2013). Motivation. New York: AMACOM, American Management Association. Tracy, B. (2014). Management. New York: AMACOM. Yaney, J. (2008). Motivation and the Organization. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 1(1), pp.46-57.